Volume 12, 2022 Issue 1, June 2022
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Treatment of Textile Liquid Effluents Using Activated Carbon from Palm Kernel Shells
Effluents from the primary discharge points of two textile industries were subjected to analysis and subsequent purification utilizing particulate substrates derived from palm kernel shells. The shells underwent cleaning, milling, and sieving to produce four distinct particle size fractions. Five-gram aliquots of raw, carbonized, and chemically activated (using FeCl3, CaCl2, and a 2:1 ZnCl2:FeCl3 mixture) shell particles were employed to filter effluent samples within a glass wool column (3g). Results indicated that smaller particle sizes exhibited superior efficacy in the removal of both particulate matter and colour. While carbon activated with FeCl3 demonstrated the shortest filtration time, CaCl2-activated carbon proved most effective in pH adjustment towards neutral standards. Conversely, carbon activated with a ZnCl2 and FeCl3 combination (2:1 ratio) yielded the most pronounced reduction in absorbance
Authors: Iliya E.B.
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Abstract
Effluents from the primary discharge points of two textile industries were subjected to analysis and subsequent purification utilizing particulate substrates derived from palm kernel shells. The shells underwent cleaning, milling, and sieving to produce four distinct particle size fractions. Five-gram aliquots of raw, carbonized, and chemically activated (using FeCl3, CaCl2, and a 2:1 ZnCl2:FeCl3 mixture) shell particles were employed to filter effluent samples within a glass wool column (3g). Results indicated that smaller particle sizes exhibited superior efficacy in the removal of both particulate matter and colour. While carbon activated with FeCl3 demonstrated the shortest filtration time, CaCl2-activated carbon proved most effective in pH adjustment towards neutral standards. Conversely, carbon activated with a ZnCl2 and FeCl3 combination (2:1 ratio) yielded the most pronounced reduction in absorbance
Synergizing the Electrical Conductivity of Functionalized Woven Polyester (PET) with In-Situ Polymerization of Aniline
Polyester fabric (100%) was electrically functionalized by dyeing in pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes in Miranol at different shades (0.1 - 6.0) % (owf). Aniline was then polymerized within each of the fabric samples using Sulphuric acid and Potassium peroxydisulphate at oxidant: monomer ratio 1.25 and LR 40:1. After polymerization, the conductivity percolation threshold reduced from 1.0 – 2.5 % to 0.5 – 1.0 % shade (owf) and the electrical conductivity increased by at least 14 orders of magnitude. At 5% shade, the conductivity was 1.0 x 10־4 S/cm, from a control material with 1.2 x 1012 ῼ.m resistivity. Comparing 1.0 % and 3.5 %, the difference in conductivity was 680 orders of magnitude.
Authors: Iliya E.B.
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Abstract
Polyester fabric (100%) was electrically functionalized by dyeing in pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes in Miranol at different shades (0.1 - 6.0) % (owf). Aniline was then polymerized within each of the fabric samples using Sulphuric acid and Potassium peroxydisulphate at oxidant: monomer ratio 1.25 and LR 40:1. After polymerization, the conductivity percolation threshold reduced from 1.0 – 2.5 % to 0.5 – 1.0 % shade (owf) and the electrical conductivity increased by at least 14 orders of magnitude. At 5% shade, the conductivity was 1.0 x 10־4 S/cm, from a control material with 1.2 x 1012 ῼ.m resistivity. Comparing 1.0 % and 3.5 %, the difference in conductivity was 680 orders of magnitude.