Research Article

A Review of Some Welding Parameters and their Effects on the Heat-Affected Zone of Mild Steel Plate

S. E. Apeh1*, S. I. Kuye1, O. R. Adetunji1, Benedict Uche Anyanwu2
1 Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
2 Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta
* Corresponding author: solomonapeh@gmail.com
Published: Jun, 2023
Pages: 1-11

Abstract

Welding is one of the most important processes in manufacturing and construction industries. Various  categories of welding exist and there are many welding processes available from which and industrial  engineers can select for a particular application. The fusion category include the arc welding  processes, resistance welding and gas welding methods; the non-fusion or solid state include cold  welding, forge welding, ultrasonic welding, friction welding, friction stir welding, resistance welding,  diffusion bonding, and explosion welding. The high energy densities/low dilution welding method in  this category are pulse arc welding (PAW), laser beam welding and electron beam welding. The  choice of a welding process and the welding input parameters are determined by some factors. This  review highlights the categories of welding, factors influencing the choice of a particular welding  process for a given application, Various areas of application of these categories of welding were  discussed and it also address the effect of some of these welding input parameters on the integrity and  quality of weld joints. The goal is to achieve high-quality welded joints with desired bead geometry  and performance while minimizing detrimental internal stress and distortion and the corrosion rate  characteristics of these regions, are all demonstrably influenced by the selected welding parameters. In  essence, this review underscores the critical role of precise process control in achieving optimal weld  quality and mitigating potential drawbacks in the welding industry

Keywords

Welding Parameters Fusion welding Non-fusion welding Welding Processes

References

  1. Abbasi, K., Alam, S. and Khan, M.I., 2011. An experimental study on the effect of increased pressure on MIG welding arc. International journal of applied engineering research, Dindigul, 2(1), pp.22-27.
  2. Akbarnejad, S., 2012. Investigation on static strength of welded joints.
  3. Amin M (1983) Pulse current parameters for arc stability and controlled metal transfer in arc welding. Met Constr, May 272-377.
  4. Badavath, H.J., Chattopadhyay, S. and Shankar, S., (2022), November. Solid-state welding and its applications: A methodological review. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 2681, No. 1). AIP Publishing.
  5. Baloyi, P., Akinlabi, S.A., Madushele, N., Adedeji, P.A., Hassan, S., Mkoko, Z. and Akinlabi, E.T., 2021. Two-staged technique for determining ultimate tensile strength in MIG welding of mild steel. Materials Today: Proceedings, 44, pp. 1227-1234.
  6. Biswas, P., Mandal, N.R., Vasu, P. and Padasalag, S.B., 2011. A study on port plug distortion caused by narrow gap combined GTAW & SMAW and Electron Beam Welding. Fusion engineering and design, 86(1), pp.99-105.
  7. Chaturvedi, M., Arungalai Vendan, S., Chaturvedi, M. and Arungalai Vendan, S., (2021). Tungsten Inert Gas Welding and Design. Advanced Welding Techniques: Holistic View with Design Perspectives, pp.63-88.
  8. Chaudhari, P.D. and More, N.N., 2014. Effect of welding process parameters on tensile strength. IOSR J. Eng, 4, pp.1-5.
  9. Chaudhari, R., Loharkar, P.K. and Ingle, A., (2020), March. Applications and challenges of arc welding methods in dissimilar metal joining. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 810, No. 1, p. 012006). IOP Publishing.
  10. Consumables Gases, W., (2008). Gas Mixtures for Fusion Welding and Allied Processes. International Organization for Standardization.
  11. Crouch, I. ed., (2016). The science of armour materials. Woodhead Publishing.
  12. Desai, A.T., Patil, A.B., Patil, D.S., Patil, K.M. and Patil, R.D., (2019). Optimization of Various Parameters of SMAW by Using Taguchi Method. IOSR Journal of Engineering, 9(6), pp.1-9.
  13. Dhobale, A.L. and Mishra, H.K., (2015). Review on effect of heat input on tensile strength of butt weld joint using MIG welding. International Journal of Innovations in Engineering Research and Technology, 2(9), pp.1-13.
  14. Ebrahimnia, M., Goodarzi, M., Nouri, M. and Sheikhi, M., (2009). Study of the effect of shielding gas composition on the mechanical weld properties of steel ST 37-2 in gas metal arc welding. Materials & Design, 30(9), pp.3891-3895.
  15. Guo, J., (2015). Solid state welding processes in manufacturing. In Handbook of manufacturing engineering and technology (pp. 569-592). Springer, London.
  16. Hu, Z., Hua, L., Qin, X., Ni, M., Ji, F. and Wu, M., (2021). Molten pool behaviors and forming appearance of robotic GMAW on complex surface with various welding positions. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 64, pp.1359-1376.
  17. Hui-Chi, C., Guijun, B. and Chen-Nan, S., (2014). High-energy beam welding processes in manufacturing. Handbook of manufacturing engineering and technology. Springer, London, pp.617-639.
  18. Hussain, A.K., Lateef, A., Javed, M. and Pramesh, T., (2010). Influence of welding speed on tensile strength of welded joint in TIG welding process. International journal of applied engineering research, 1(3), p.518.
  19. Janunkar, R.G., Allurkar, S. and Mahesh, P., 2017. An Influence on Effect of Welding Speed on Strength of Welded Joint Using Tig Welding Process. World Journal of Technology, Engineering and Research, 2(1), pp.337-342.
  20. John, M., Kumar, P.A. and Bhat, K.U., (2021). Effect of wire feed rate on microstructure development during bead on plate welding of microalloyed steel using P-GMAW. Materials Today: Proceedings, 42, pp.423-428.
  21. Kah, P. and Martikainen, J., (2013). Influence of shielding gases in the welding of metals. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 64, pp.1411-1421.
  22. Kessal, B.A., Fares, C., Meliani, M.H., Alhussein, A., Bouledroua, O. and François, M., (2020). Effect of gas tungsten arc welding parameters on the corrosion resistance and the residual stress of heat affected zone. Engineering Failure Analysis, 107, p. 104200.
  23. Kuk, J.M., Jang, K.C., Lee, D.G. and Kim, I.S., (2004). Effects of temperature and shielding gas mixture on fatigue life of 5083 aluminum alloy. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 155, pp.1408-1414.
  24. Kumar, A. and Gandhinathan, R., 2020. Process parameters for metal inert gas welding of mild steel by using Taguchi technique-A review. International Journal of Material Sciences and Technology, 10(1), pp.1-14.
  25. Kumar, B.P. and Vijayakumar, Y., (2012). Optimization of shielded metal arc welding parameters for welding of pipes by using Taguchi approach. International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 4(5), pp.2083-2088.
  26. Singh, R., (2020). Applied welding engineering: processes, codes, and standards. Butterworth-Heinemann.
  27. Kumar, K., Kalita, H., Zindani, D., Davim, J.P., Kumar, K., Kalita, H., Zindani, D. and Davim, J.P., (2019). Welding. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, pp.65-81.
  28. Kumar, S. and Shahi, A.S., (2011). Effect of heat input on the microstructure and mechanical properties of gas tungsten arc welded AISI 304 stainless steel joints. Materials & Design, 32(6), pp.3617-3623.
  29. Lyttle, K. and Stapon, G., (2005). Simplifying shielding gas selection. Practical Welding Today, 9(1).
  30. Moshi, A.M., Bharthi, S.R., Rajeshkumar, R. and Kumar, R., (2016). Factors influencing submerged arc welding on stainless steel: a review. Journal of engineering and Applied sciences, 11(2), pp.1237-1241.
  31. Mukhopadhyay, S. and Pal, T.K., (2006). Effect of shielding gas mixture on gas metal arc welding of HSLA steel using solid and flux-cored wires. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 29, pp.262-268.
  32. Murugan, N. and Gunaraj, V., (2005). Prediction and control of weld bead geometry and shape relationships in submerged arc welding of pipes. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 168(3), pp.478-487.
  33. Odiaka, T., Akinlabi, S.A., Madushele, N., Fatoba, O.S., Hassan, S. and Akinlabi, E.T., (2021). Statistical analysis of the effect of welding parameters on the tensile strength of titanium reinforced mild steel joints using Taguchi's DoE. Materials Today: Proceedings, 44, pp.1202-1206.
  34. Omar, M. and Soltan, H. (2020). A framework for welding process selection. SN Applied Sciences, 2, pp.1-12.
  35. Owolabi, O. A. (2014) Production and weld joint performance Evaluation of arc welding Electrodes from Dana Rolling Mill Scale, M.Sc. Thesis in Department of Mechanical Engineering, ABU, Zaria, August, 2014.
  36. Palani, P.K. and Murugan, N., (2007). Modeling and simulation of wire feed rate for steady current and pulsed current gas metal arc welding using 317L flux cored wire. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 34, pp. 1111-1119.
  37. Penkała, P. and Płowaś, B., (2014). The influence of currant mma welding on the tensile strenght of joint. Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal, 8(21).
  38. Radhakrishnan, V.M., (2005). Welding technology and design. New Age International.
  39. Rao, P.S., Ramachandran, P. and Jebaraj, S., (2016), February. Models for selecting GMA Welding Parameters for Improving Mechanical Properties of Weld Joints. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 114, No. 1, p. 012027). IOP Publishing.
  40. Ravisankar, V., Balasubramanian, V. and Muralidharan, C., (2006). Selection of welding process to fabricate butt joints of high strength aluminium alloys using analytic hierarchic process. Materials & design, 27(5), pp.373-380.
  41. Rizvi, S.A. and Ali, W., (2021). Development of mathematical model and optimization of GMA welding parameters of IS 2062 grade A steel weldments. Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale, 15(56), pp.84-93.
  42. Sakthivel, R., Venkadeshwaran, P., Sridevi, R., Meeran, R.A. and Chandrasekaran, K., (2016). Effect of welding current, arc voltage and gas flow rate on depth of penetration during MIG welding of AA2014 plate. Way, 2, p.30.
  43. Sarmast, A. and Serajzadeh, S., (2019). The influence of welding polarity on mechanical properties, microstructure and residual stresses of gas tungsten arc welded AA5052. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 105, pp.3397-3409..
  44. Srivastava, S. and Garg, R.K., (2017). Process parameter optimization of gas metal arc welding on IS: 2062 mild steel using response surface methodology. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 25, pp.296-305.
  45. Vimal, K.E.K., Vinodh, S. and Raja, A., (2015). Modelling, assessment and deployment of strategies for ensuring sustainable shielded metal arc welding process-a case study. Journal of Cleaner Production, 93, pp.364-377.
  46. Wan, X., Wang, Y. and Zhang, P., (2014). Modelling the effect of welding current on resistance spot welding of DP600 steel. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 214(11), pp.2723-2729.
  47. Wang, H. and Wang, Y., (2019). High-velocity impact welding process: a review. Metals, 9(2), p.144..
  48. Young, G.A., Hackett, M.J., Tucker, J.D. and Capobianco, T.E., (2020). Welds for nuclear systems.
  49. Zhang, Z.D., Fan, F.Q. and Liu, L.M., (2013). Oxide contributions on arc plasma in tungsten inert gas welding of magnesium alloy. Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 18(5), pp.434-440.
  50. Zhao, D., Bezgans, Y., Vdonin, N. and Du, W., (2021). The use of TOPSIS-based-desirability function approach to optimize the balances among mechanical performances, energy consumption, and production efficiency of the arc welding process. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 112, pp.3545-3559
How to Cite

Apeh, S. E., Kuye, S. I., Adetunji, O. R., & Anyanwu, B. U. (2023). A Review of Some Welding Parameters and their Effects on the Heat-Affected Zone of Mild Steel Plate. Nigerian Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, 13(1), 1-11.

S. E. Apeh, S. I. Kuye, O. R. Adetunji, and B. U. Anyanwu, "A Review of Some Welding Parameters and their Effects on the Heat-Affected Zone of Mild Steel Plate," Nigerian Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1-11, June 2023.

Share this article:
Facebook X / Twitter LinkedIn
Download PDF View Full Text (PDF) Back to Articles