Research Article

Physicochemical and Heavy Metals Analysis of Water from Different Sources in Usen, Edo State, Nigeria.

Maliki Muniratu1*, Abel Inobeme2, Kelani Tawakalit Omolara3, Eziukwu Chinenye A.3
1 Department of Chemistry, Edo University, Iyamho, Edo State
2 Edo State University Uzairue
3 Department of Chemistry, Edo University Iyamho, Edo State.
* Corresponding author: muniratu.maliki@edouniversity.edu.ng
Published: Jun, 2020
Pages: 37-41

Abstract

The study investigated the physicochemical properties and heavy metal contents of water samples from three major  sources; river (sample A), borehole (sample B), and well (sample C), in Usen using standard procedures. The heavy metal  content was analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. The results obtained were compared to permissible limits  based on WHO standard. The pH of the water samples ranged from 6.80 to 7.00. The nitrate content varied from 2.30 to  2.40 mg/L, which was lower than the maximum limit of 10 mg/L. The conductivity was from 36.52 to 64.61 us/cm.  Copper was not detected in all the water sources investigated. There was significant difference in the contents of other  metals investigated. The concentration of other metals ranged from 1.84 – 9.12, 0.002 – 0.035, 0.001 – 0.061, 0.074 –  0.263, and 0.055 – 0.243 mg/kg for iron, cadmium, lead, zinc and manganese respectively. The metal contents were in the    order:  Fe> Zn> Mn> Pb > Cd > Cu. The results of this study also revealed that the water samples under study are  contaminated by heavy metals and therefore unfit for human consumption. Thus, it becomes very important to treat these  waters to make it safe for the populace.

Keywords

Water Heavy metals Coagulation and Alum

References

  1. Abubakar J., Yusuf, S. and Shehu, K. (2015). Heavy Metals Pollution on Surface Water Sources in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria. Science World Journal, 10(2):1-5. www.science.worldjournal.
  2. Ademoroti M. A. (1996). Standard Methods for Water and Effluent Analysis. Foludex Press Ltd.
  3. Agboinghale F. (2006). Removal of lead (II) Ion from Aqueous Solution by Orange Peel: Kinetic Studies. ChemTechJournal, 22:234–248.
  4. Anifowose A. J and Oyebode, A. W. (2019) Studies on Heavy Metals Contents of Osum River at the Pre-urban Settlement and Across Osogbo City, Nigeria. Journal of Taibah University for Science, 13(1):318-323, DOI: 10.1080/16583656.2019.1567899
  5. Antico E., Cot S., Ribó A., Rodríguez I. and Fontàs C. (2017). Survey of Heavy Metal Contamination in Water Sources in the Municipality of Torola, El Salvador, through In Situ Sorbent Extraction. Water, 9(11): 10.3390/w9110877. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9110877.
  6. APHA (2005) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 21st Edition. American Public Health Association/American Water Works Association/Water Environment Federation, Washington DC.
  7. Desalegn S., Israel L. and Wouduma K. (2017). Physicochemical Properties and Heavy Metals Content of Drinking Water from Selected Areas in Gurage Zone, Ethiopia. African Journal of Pure and Applied-Chemistry, 2(1):1667-5908.
  8. Dinka O., Julius W. L. and Ndambukie M. (2015). Hydrochemical Characterization of various surface water and groundwater resources available in Matahara areas, Fantalle Woreda of Oromiya region. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 3:444–456.
  9. Encyclopedia Britannica(2020). Mineralogical components. @2020 Encyclopaedia Britannica. Inc. https://www.britannica.com/science/igneous-rock/Mineralogical-components.
  10. Gupter V. K., Jain C. K., Ali I., Sharma M. and Saini V. K. (2003). Water Research, 37:4038–4044.
  11. Oluyemi E. A., Adekunle A. S., Adenuga A. A. and Makinde W. O. (2010). Physico-chemical Properties and Heavy Metal Content of Water Sources in the North Local Government Area of Osun State, Nigeria. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 4(10):691-697.
  12. Rajini K., Roland P. John C. and Vincent R. (2010). Microbiological and Physicochemical Analysis of Drinking Water in George Town, Guyana. Journal of Nature and Science, 8(3):261-263.
  13. Rami M. S., Halim M. A., Safiullah S., Manun Mollah M., Azam M. S., Goni M. A., Kamal Hossain M. and. Rana, M. M. (2009). Removal of Heavy Metal from Contaminated Water by Biopolymer Crab Shell Chitosan. Journal of Applied Sciences, 9:2762–2769.
  14. Salam M. A., Paul S. C., Shaan F. I., Rak A. E., Ahmad R. B. and Kadir W. E (2019). Geospatial Distribution and Contamination Status of Heavy Metals in the Sediment of Perak River, Malaysia. Hydrology, 6(2):30; https://doi.org 10.3390/hydrology6020030
  15. Shitu O. B., Olaitan J. O. and Amusa, I. S. (2008). Physicochemical and Bacteriological Analyses of Water Used for Drinking and Swimming Purposes in Abeokuta, Nigeria. African Journal of Biomedical Research, 11:285–290.
  16. Shukla D., Bhadresha K., Jain N. K. and Modi A. K. (2013). Physicochemical Analysis of Water from Various Sources and Their Comparative Studies. Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology And Food Technology, 5(3):89-92.
  17. Swistock B. R and Sharpe W. E. (2020). Iron and Manganese in private water systems. PennState Extension. © The Pennsylvania State University 2020. https://extension.psu.edu/iron-and-manganese-in-private-water-systems.
  18. WHO. (2004). Guidelines for drinking quality water 3rd ed., World Health Organization, Geneva pp (55-60).
  19. Udo E. J., Ibria, T. O., Ogunwale J. A., Anuo A. O. and Esu I. E. (2009). Manual of soil, plant and water analysis. Sibon books Ltd, Lagos, Nigeria.
  20. University of Rhode Island Water Quality Program (2020). Safe well water RI Trusted expert information. Tip Sheet 8 (401):874-5398 Rhode Island Department of Health (401)222-6867.
How to Cite

Muniratu, M., Inobeme, A., Omolara, K. T., & A., E. C. (2020). Physicochemical and Heavy Metals Analysis of Water from Different Sources in Usen, Edo State, Nigeria.. Nigerian Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, 10(1), 37-41.

M. Muniratu, A. Inobeme, K. T. Omolara, and E. C. A., "Physicochemical and Heavy Metals Analysis of Water from Different Sources in Usen, Edo State, Nigeria.," Nigerian Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 37-41, June 2020.

Share this article:
Facebook X / Twitter LinkedIn
Download PDF View Full Text (PDF) Back to Articles