Research Article

Study on the Thermal Properties of Epoxy Resin Reinforced with Arylidene-based Polybenzoxazine

1 Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Nigeria,
2 Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna
* Corresponding author: abdulrahmanmusa@njmse.msn.ng
Published: Dec, 2021
Pages: 91-98

Abstract

In this study, a new bis-arylidene derived benzoxazine: 2,6-bis((3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[e]  [1,3]oxazin-6-yl)methylene)cyclohexanone (HEB) was synthesized from its precursor: 2,6-bis(4 hydroxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone (BCH). The BCH was obtained as an aldocondensation product of cyclo hexanone and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, in an acid catalysed organic medium. Both HEB and BCH were charac terised using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopic tech niques to ascertain the structural features of the targeted products. Different weight ratios of HEB (0,10, 20, 30,  and 40%) were added into an epoxy resin to form the modified epoxy materials; ME-0%, ME-10%, ME-20%,  ME-30%, and ME-40%, respectively. The thermal behaviour of the modified epoxy resins was investigated us ing thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The result obtained showed enhanced thermal properties of the modi fied epoxy materials over the native epoxy resin. The outcome further showed better performance with higher  content of the modifier

References

  1. Al Shaabania, Y. A. (2019). Wear and friction properties of epoxy-polyamide blend nanocomposites reinforced by MWCNTs. Energy Procedia, 157: 1561-1567.
  2. An H., Liu Z., Tian Q., Li J., Zhou C., Liu X. and Zhu W. (2019). Thermal behaviors of nanoparticle reinforced epoxy resins for microelectronics packaging. Microelectronics Reliability, 93: 39-44.
  3. Arash B., Exner W. and Rolfes R. (2021). Viscoelastic damage behavior of fiber reinforced nanoparticle-filled epoxy nanocomposites: multiscale modeling and experimental validation. In Acting Principles of Nano-Scaled Matrix Additives for Composite Structures (pp. 377-410): Springer.
  4. Borgati T. F., Souza Filho J. D. and Oliveira A. B. d. (2019). A Complete and Unambiguous 1H and 13C NMR Signals Assignment of para-Naphthoquinones, ortho-and Furanonaphthoquinones. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 30(6): 1138-1149.
  5. Cao J., Fan H., Li B.-G. and Zhu S. (2017). Synthesis and evaluation of Double-Decker Silsesquioxanes as modifying agent for epoxy resin. Polymer, 124: 157-167.
  6. Charisiadis P., Kontogianni V. G., Tsiafoulis C. G., Tzakos A. G., Siskos M. and Gerothanassis I. P. (2014). 1H-NMR as a structural and analytical tool of intra-and intermolecular hydrogen bonds of phenol-containing natural products and model compounds. Molecules, 19(9): 13643-13682.
  7. Chutayothin P., andIshida H. (2009). 31P NMR spectroscopy in benzoxazine model compounds and benzoxazine chemistry-main chain and end group studies. European Polymer Journal, 45(5), 1493-1505.
  8. Deshpande N., Parulkar A., Joshi R., Diep B., Kulkarni A. and Brunelli N. A. (2019). Epoxide ring opening with alcohols using heterogeneous Lewis acid catalysts: Regioselectivity and mechanism. Journal of Catalysis, 370: 46-54.
  9. Faizan M. and Ahmad, S. (2Spontan, M., and Estenoz D. (2018). Design of thermosetting 018). Experimental vibrational spectroscopy (FTIR and FT-Raman) of D-tryptophan and its anharmonic theoretical studies using density functional theory. Journal of Molecular Structure, 1171: 315-322.
  10. Gilbert E., Morales G., Polymeric systems based on benzoxazines modified with maleic anhydride. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 135(17): 46183.
  11. Han L., Iguchi D., Gil P., Heyl T. R., Sedwick V. M., Arza C. R. and Ishida H. (2017). Oxazine ring-related vibrational modes of benzoxazine monomers using fully aromatically substituted, deuterated, 15N isotope exchanged, and oxazine-ring-substituted compounds and theoretical calculations. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 121 (33): 6269-6282.
  12. Holly F. W. and Cope A. C. (1944). Condensation products of aldehydes and ketones with o-aminobenzyl alcohol and o-hydroxybenzylamine. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 66(11): 1875-1879.
  13. Ishida H. and Froimowicz P. (2017). Advanced and emerging polybenzoxazine science and technology: Elsevier.
  14. Jiang M., Liu Y., Cheng C., Zhou J., Liu B., Yu M. and Zhang H. (2018). Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of monocomponent high performance epoxy resin by blending with hydroxyl terminated polyethersulfone. Polymer Testing, 69: 302-309.
  15. Kannapan V., and Jonathan D. R. (2013). A study on the synthesis and bactericidal efficacy of certain poly (ester-amides) containing 2, 5-bis (benzylidene) cyclopentanone moiety in the main chain. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 5(4): 382-386.
  16. Lila M. K., Singh B., Pabla B. S. and Singh I. (2018). Effect of environmental conditioning on natural fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Materials today: proceedings, 5(9), 17006-17011.
  17. Lin C. H., Chen Z. J., Chen C. H., Wang M. W. and Juang T. Y. (2017). Synthesis of a bisbenzylideneacetone-containing benzoxazine and its photo- and thermally cured thermoset. ACS omega, 2(7): 3432-3440.
  18. May C. (2018). Epoxy resins: chemistry and technology: Routledge.
  19. Mimura K., Ito H. and Fujioka H. (2000). Improvement of thermal and mechanical properties by control of morphologies in PES-modified epoxy resins. Polymer, 41 (12): 4451-4459.
  20. Musa A., Alamry K. and Hussein M. (2021). Polybenzoxazine-modified epoxy resin: thermal properties and coating performance. International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization, 26(3): 189-203.
  21. Musa A., Alamry K. A. and Hussein M. A. (2020). The effect of curing temperatures on the thermal behaviour of new polybenzoxazine-modified epoxy resin. Polymer Bulletin, 77(10): 5439-5449.
  22. Ning X. and Ishida H. (1994). Phenolic materials via ring-opening polymerization: Synthesis and characterization of bisphenol-A based benzoxazines and their polymers. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 32(6): 1121-1129.
  23. Sarikaya E., Callioglu H. and Demirel H. (2019). Production of epoxy composites reinforced by different natural fibers and their mechanical properties. Composites Part B: Engineering, 167: 461-466.
  24. Shukla S., Tripathi M., Mahata A., Pathak B. and Lochab B. (2016). Kinetics behind a strategy for modulation of sustainable benzoxazines: experimental study and its theoretical verification. Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, 217(12):1342-1353.
  25. Tesoro G. (1988). Epoxy resins-chemistry and technology, 2nd Edition, Clayton A. May, Ed., Marcel Dekker, New York, 1988, 1,288 pp. Price: $195.00. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Letters, 26(12): 539-539. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.1988.140261212
  26. Zhuang J., Li, M., Pu, Y., Ragauskas, A. J. and Yoo, C. G. (2020). Observation of Potential Contaminants in Processed Biomass Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Applied Sciences, 10(12): 4345.
How to Cite

Musa, A., A., H., & Lawal, M. A. (2021). Study on the Thermal Properties of Epoxy Resin Reinforced with Arylidene-based Polybenzoxazine. Nigerian Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, 11(2), 91-98.

A. Musa, H. A., and M. A. Lawal, "Study on the Thermal Properties of Epoxy Resin Reinforced with Arylidene-based Polybenzoxazine," Nigerian Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 91-98, December 2021.

Share this article:
Facebook X / Twitter LinkedIn