Research Article

Synthesis, Characterization, Magnetic and Photocatalytic properties of Bi, Co and Mn Co-doped Neodymium Ferrite (Nd0.5Bi0.2(Co0.2Mn0.1)FeO(3-δ)) Solid Solution

Ibrahim A.1*, Bice S. Martincigh2, Sreekantha B. Jonnalagadda2
1 Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
2 School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwZulu-Natal Westville Campus, South Africa
* Corresponding author: Ibrahim.abdulkadir@gmail.com
Published: Dec, 2021
Pages: 99-106

Abstract

Bismuth and cobalt co-doped perovskite-type nanomaterials with the composition Nd0.5Bi0.2(Co0.3Mn0.1)FeO3-δ were syn thesized by using the citric acid sol-gel route and annealed at annealing temperatures (TA) of 400, 750 and 900°C to pro duce powders labelled NdCo400, NdCo750 and NdCo900 respectively.  The powders obtained were characterized using  Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectros copy (FTIR), Braunuer-Emmet-Teller (BET) Method, vibrating sample magnetometer, (VSM) and photoluminescence  spectroscopy (PL). The powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis of the powders showed that they contain highly crystal line orthorhombic perovskite-type nanoparticles whose crystallinity increased with higher annealing temperature. The lat tice parameters, after refinement for NdCo900, showed that the parameters a, b and c have values 5.939, 5.488 and 7.740  Å respectively. The TEM results showed cubic crystallites with average crystalline size within the range of 17-30 nm for  both NdCo750 and NdCo900 respectively. The BET specific surface areas obtained was 12.46 and 5.92 m2 g-1 for  NdCo750 and NdCo900. Room temperature VSM analysis showed TA dependent properties for the powders NdCo400  (11.09 emu g-1, 402 Oe), NdCo750 (9.00 emu g-1, 2181 Oe) and NdCo900 (9.44 emu g-1, 683.16 Oe) for saturation mag netization MS and coercive field HC values respectively.  Photoluminescence spectroscopy showed that the powders were  all active in the visible region and could be useful for visible light photodegradation of organic dyes. NdCo900 was the  most effective for the decolourization of RhB dye with kobs = 1.6 × 10-2 min‑1 and percent efficiency E % = 99.1 %. A 73  % mineralization of the dye was also achieved after 3 h

Keywords

Perovskites Coercive field Photoluminescence Photocatalytic activities.

References

  1. Chung, C. Y., Chang, Y. S., Chen, G. J., Chung, C. C. and Huang, T. W. (2008). Effects of bismuth doping on the dielectric properties of $Ba(Fe_{0.5}Nb_{0.5})O_{3}$ ceramic. Solid State Communications, 145(4): 212-217. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssc.2007.10.035](https://www.google.com/search?q=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssc.2007.10.035).
  2. Ghasdi, M., Alamdari, H., Royer, S. and Adnot, A. (2011). Electrical and CO gas sensing properties of nanostructured La $1-x}Ce_{x}CoO_{3}$ perovskite prepared by activated reactive synthesis. Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical, 156(1): [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2011.04.003](https://www.google.com/search?q=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2011.04.003). 147-155.
  3. Herzer, G. (1990). Grain size dependence of coercivity and permeability in nanocrystalline ferromagnets. In IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 26(5): 1397-1402.
  4. Inprasit, T., Wongkasemjit, S., Limthongkul, P. and Skinner, S. J. (2016). Synthesis and electrical property study of $La_{3}Ni_{2}MO_{9}$ (M Nb and TA). Materials Letters, 162, 37-39. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2015.09.110](https://www.google.com/search?q=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2015.09.110).
  5. Kanhere, P., Nisar, J., Tang, Y., Pathak, B., Ahuja, R., Zheng, J. and Chen, Z. (2012). Electronic structure, optical properties, and photocatalytic activities of LaFeO 3-NaTaO 3 solid solution. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 116(43): 22767-22773. [https://doi.org/10.1021/jp307857h](https://www.google.com/search?q=https://doi.org/10.1021/jp307857h).
  6. Khomchenko, V. A., Kiselev, D. A., Vieira, J. M., Jian, L., Kholkin, A. L., Lopes, A. M. L., Pogorelov, Y. G., Araujo, J. P, and Maglione, M. (2008). Effect of diamagnetic Ca, Sr, Pb, and Ba substitution on the crystal structure and multiferroic properties of the $BiFeO_{3}$ perovskite. Journal of Applied Physics, 103(2). [https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2836802](https://www.google.com/search?q=https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2836802).
  7. Khomskii, D. I. (2006). Multiferroics: different ways to combine magnetism and ferroelectricity 1). Journal of Magnet and Magnetic Materials, 306, 1-8. [www.elsevier.com/locate/jmmm](https://www.google.com/search?q=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elsevier.com%2Flocate%2Fjmmm).
  8. Lantto, V., Saukko, S., Toan, N. N., Reyes, L. F. and Granqvist, C. G. (2004). Gas Sensing with Perovskite-like Oxides Having ABO 3 and BO 3 Structures. Journal of Electroceramics, 13: 721-726.
  9. Lerdprom, W., Li, C., Jayaseelan, D. D., Skinner, S. J. and Lee, W. E. (2017). Temperature dependence of electrical conductivity of a green porcelain mixture. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 37(1): 343 349. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2016.08.019](https://www.google.com/search?q=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2016.08.019).
  10. Li, M., Ning, M., Ma, Y., Wu, Q. and Ong, C. K. (2007). Room temperature ferroelectric, ferromagnetic and magnetoelectric properties of Ba-doped $BiFeO_{3}$ thin films. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 40(6): 1603-1607. [https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/40/6/002](https://www.google.com/search?q=https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/40/6/002).
  11. Liang, Y. Q., Di, N. L, and Cheng, Z. H. (2005). Charge-disproportionation-induced magnetic glassy behavior in $La_{0.5}Ca_{0.5}FeO_{3-\tilde{6}}.$ Physical Review B Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 72(13): [https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.72.134416](https://www.google.com/search?q=https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.72.134416).
  12. Lu, Z., Chen, L., Tang, Y. and Li, Y. (2005). Preparation and luminescence properties of Eu3+-doped MSnO3 $(M=Ca$ Sr and Ba) perovskite materials. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 387(1-2): L1-L4.
  13. Machida, M., Yabunaka, J. I. and Kijima, T. (2000). Synthesis and photocatalytic property of layered perovskite tantalates, $RbLnTa_{2}O_{7}$ ( $Ln=La,$ Pr, Nd, and Sm). Chemistry of Materials, 12(3): 812-817. [https://doi.org/10.1021/cm990577j](https://www.google.com/search?q=https://doi.org/10.1021/cm990577j).
  14. Maguire, E., Gharbage, B., Marques, F. M. B. and Labrincha, J. A. (2000). Cathode materials for intermediate temperature SOFCs. In Solid State Ionics (Vol. 127). [www.elsevier.com/locate/ssi](https://www.google.com/search?q=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elsevier.com%2Flocate%2Fssi).
  15. Nforna E. A, Tsobnang P. K, Fomekong R. L, Tedjieukeng H. M. K, Lambi J. N. and Ghogomu J. N. (2021). Effect of B-site Co substitution on the structure and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline neodymium orthoferrite synthesized by auto-combustion. Royal Society Open access Science. 7: 201883-201896. [https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201883](https://www.google.com/search?q=https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201883),
  16. Nguyen, T. A.; Pham, T. L.; Mittova, I. Y.; Mittova, V. O.; Nguyen, T. L. T.; Nguyen, H. V. and Bui, V.Χ. (2021). Co-Doped NdFeO Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Optical, and Magnetic Properties Study. Nanomaterials 11: (04). 937. [https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11040937](https://www.google.com/search?q=https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11040937).
  17. Paik, D.-S., Park, S.-E., Shrout, T. R. and Hackenberger, W. (1999). Dielectric and piezoelectric properties of perovskite materials at cryogenic temperatures. Journal of Materials Science, 34(3): 469-473.
  18. Peel, M. D., Ashbrook, S. E. and Lightfoot, P. (2013). Unusual phase behavior in the piezoelectric perovskite system, Li ${}_{x}Na_{1-x}NbO_{3}$. Inorganic Chemistry, 52(15): 8872-8880. [https://doi.org/10.1021/ic401061t](https://www.google.com/search?q=https://doi.org/10.1021/ic401061t).
  19. Ramajo, L., Castro, M., del Campo, A., Fernandez, J. F. and Rubio-Marcos, F. (2014). Influence of B-site compositional homogeneity on properties of (K0.44Na0.52Li0.04) (Nb0.86Ta0.10Sb0.04)03-based piezoelectric ceramics. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 34(10): 2249-2257. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2014.02.002](https://www.google.com/search?q=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2014.02.002).
  20. Shalini, T., Vijayakumar, P. and Kumar, J. (2020). Studies on structural and magnetic properties of $NdFeO_{3}$ single crystals grown by optical floating zone technique. Bulletin of Materials Science, 43(1): 1-7.
  21. Sing, K. S. W., Everett, D. H., Haul, R. A. W., Moscou, L., Pierotti, R. A., Rouquerol, J. and Siemieniewska, T. (1985). Reporting physisorption data for gas/solid systems with special reference to the determination of surface area and porosity (Recommendations 1984). Pure Applied Chemistry 57(4): 603-619.
  22. Skinner, S. J. (2001). Recent advances in Perovskite-type materials for solid oxide fuel cell cathodes. International Journal of Inorganic Materials, 3: 113-121. [https://doi.org/10.1016/S1466-6049(01)0004-6](https://www.google.com/search?q=https://doi.org/10.1016/S1466-6049(01)0004-6).
  23. Tang, J., Zhu, M., Zhong, T., Hou, Y., Wang, H. and Yan, H. (2007). Synthesis of fine $Pb(Fe_{0.5}Nb_{0.5})O_{3}$ perovskite powders by coprecipitation method. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 101(2-3): 475-479. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2006.08.006](https://www.google.com/search?q=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2006.08.006).
  24. Wang, L. Y., Wang, D. H., Huang, H. B., Han, Z. D., Cao, Q. Q., Gu, B. X. and Du, Y. W. (2009). The magnetic properties of polycrystalline $Bi_{1-x}Sr_{x}FeO_{3}$ ceramics. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 469(1-2): 1-3. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.01.095](https://www.google.com/search?q=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.01.095).
  25. Williams I. D. (2001). Environmental Chemistry: A Modular Approach (1 edition). John Wiley and Sons. [http://eu.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0471489417.html](https://www.google.com/search?q=http://eu.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0471489417.html).
  26. Yu, K., Yang, S., Liu, C., Chen, H., Li, H., Sun, C. and Boyd, S. A. (2012). Degradation of organic dyes via bismuth silver oxide initiated direct oxidation coupled with sodium bismuthate based visible light photocatalysis. Environmental Science and Technology, 46(13): 7318-7326. [https://doi.org/10.1021/es3001954](https://www.google.com/search?q=https://doi.org/10.1021/es3001954).
  27. Zhang, H., Fu, X., Niu, S. and Xin, Q. (2008). Synthesis and photoluminescence properties of Eu3+-doped AZrO3 \dot{CA}=Ca, Sr, Ba) perovskite. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 459(1-2): 103-106. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.04.259](https://www.google.com/search?q=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.04.259)
  28. Zhu, J., Li, H., Zhong, L., Xiao, P., Xu, X., Yang, X., Zhao, Z. and Li, J. (2014). Perovskite oxides: Preparation, characterizations, and applications in heterogeneous catalysis. ACS Catalysis, 4(9): 2917-2940. [https://doi.org/10.1021/cs500606g](https://www.google.com/search?q=https://doi.org/10.1021/cs500606g).
How to Cite

A., I., Martincigh, B. S., & Jonnalagadda, S. B. (2021). Synthesis, Characterization, Magnetic and Photocatalytic properties of Bi, Co and Mn Co-doped Neodymium Ferrite (Nd0.5Bi0.2(Co0.2Mn0.1)FeO(3-δ)) Solid Solution. Nigerian Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, 11(2), 99-106.

I. A., B. S. Martincigh, and S. B. Jonnalagadda, "Synthesis, Characterization, Magnetic and Photocatalytic properties of Bi, Co and Mn Co-doped Neodymium Ferrite (Nd0.5Bi0.2(Co0.2Mn0.1)FeO(3-δ)) Solid Solution," Nigerian Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 99-106, December 2021.

Share this article:
Facebook X / Twitter LinkedIn
Download PDF View Full Text (PDF) Back to Articles